Reducing human bear conflict

Our approach to reducing Human Bear Conflict is explored more fully in Principles of Human Bear Conflict reduction (WSPA, 2009), a document prepared by wildlife experts (including IUCN specialists) and social scientists to inform governments and specialised non-government organisations.

1. Managing conflict humanely: In summary

The Principles document advocates that governmental and non-governmental organisations looking to protect people and bears by addressing Human Bear Conflict (HBC) humanely and effectively should take the following steps:

辨釋與物種衝突的狀態, 範圍,地點 Identify the specific nature, extent and location of the conflict situations. Scientifically informed conflict management actions can reduce the frequency and intensity of HBC.

針對各個機關的需求與期待, 在人類容許熊群減少量之前降低衝突 Identify and understand the differing perceptions, values, needs and demands of the stakeholders. Taking a proactive approach whenever possible helps to reduce conflict situations before human tolerance for bears declines.
大眾參與與立法Gain public input and political will. Establishing local working groups with an effective decision making structure and access to resources, alongside participation and collaboration by essential stakeholders, can assist in building effective plans and implementing actions to reduce conflict.

Achieve stakeholder acceptance, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of proposed interventions. Conflict reduction methods that are familiar, inexpensive, require little new technology and minimal change to existing human behaviours are most likely to be adopted by local people.
熊群與人的衝突狀況監測與分析Carry out monitoring and evaluation. A project’s parameters may change as bears react to the methods of reducing conflict. Long-term engagement and a willingness to adapt the project will offer a higher chance of addressing conflict situations effectively.

Steps towards humane conflict reduction

Effective, long-term approaches require methods, techniques and tools that integrate the needs and behaviours of both humans and bears, and address the root causes of conflict:

Human-focused interventions

Education and awareness
Avoiding negative encounters
Removal of attractants
Direct compensation

Bear-focused interventions

Physical Barriers
Bear deterrents
Aversive behavioural conditioning
Bear population management
Habitat management
Removal of ‘nuisance bears’ from the conflict area

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探討完這次颱風的形成之後, 有個結論是, 這次莫拉克颱風在形成上只有一點像卡崔娜, 就是他的幅員一日成長兩倍。

但是他會帶來西南氣流, 卻是原本就被大家理解的。只是, 因為突然的驟雨, 令土壤液化, 土石流驟生。

只是, 沒有學理可以證明, 多少雨量會造成這樣的土石流。這樣的水土模式, 都還沒有辦法去討論森林或是建物出現的時候, 會有多少緩衝或是加速的狀況。

只是, 當雲林248.0的雨量, 卻也帶來淹水狀況, 阿里山上一週內雨量破三千的狀況。想當然爾, 會更嚴重。

只是, 學理上土壤液化是可能的現象, 但是最大的傷害卻是出現在河道, 公路旁, 斜坡開墾...這帶來什麼樣的啓示呢？

接下來, 土地的復舊, 就是讓他們休息, 不要再挖了！！

（懊惱自己還是不能幫什麼忙的庶民說）